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After an arrest and criminal charge in Maine, a defendant’s first court appearance may be to apply for bail at the arraignment and bail hearing.

The process of securing a bail bond is governed by the Maine Bail Code, but it can be confusing for some defendants. Let’s take a look at what the bail bond process involves so that defendants understand who is eligible for bail, what to expect during the hearing, and what happens after being granted bail in Maine.

What is a bail bond in Maine’s criminal justice system?

A bail bond is a financial guarantee that the defendant will return to court for scheduled hearings after being released from custody. In basic terms, bail is a contract between the defendant and the state of Maine (the prosecution).

A suspect is arrested, brought into custody, and booked before being incarcerated. The first appearance or court hearing typically involves a formal reading of the charges to the defendant, and a bail decision is made—unless bail was set earlier by a bail commissioner. The decision is based mainly on the seriousness of the charge, whether the person is a flight risk, past criminal history, community ties, any past failures to appear, and the risk to public safety.

If a defendant is granted bail, the bail bond is usually set at a certain amount of cash or collateral. The state may propose terms of release, but a judge will ultimately decide the precise conditions.

The defendant will then be released into the community and expected to follow all conditions while the case progresses through the criminal justice system.

Who is eligible for bail bond in Maine?

Almost everyone not yet convicted of a crime in Maine has the right to bail but, due to the financial requirements of a bail bond, many people cannot afford to arrange their release from detention.

Unlike in some states, the entire amount of bail must be posted to secure a defendant’s release. Commercial bail bondsmen/bail agents are not permitted in Maine. So, even defendants with relatively minor Class D or E crimes (misdemeanors) may spend time in jail unnecessarily because of financial restrictions.

Bondable charges include most Class D and E crimes, such as theft, OUI, assault, criminal mischief, disorderly conduct, etc., as well as most felonies (Class C, B, and many Class A crimes), such as burglary, robbery, drug trafficking, aggravated assault, etc.

What charges can a bail bond be denied for?

Bail is not guaranteed and can be denied in the following situations:

• Capital offenses (e.g., murder or crimes punishable by life imprisonment), where bail is usually denied if the evidence is strong.
• Probation or bail violations, where someone arrested for violating conditions may be held without bail until a hearing.
• High-risk defendants, where the court finds that no bail conditions would reasonably protect the public or ensure appearance in court (they are deemed a “flight risk”).

Types of bail or bond available after arrest in Maine

Not every bail case involves the full payment of a bond amount in Maine. As referred to earlier, a bail commissioner may visit a defendant and negotiate with the defense attorney about the conditions of release before a judge’s first appearance in certain circumstances.

A “de novo bail review” may be requested if bail was set by a bail commissioner or judge and the defendant is held in jail because the bail is unaffordable.

The three most common types of bail bonds in Maine are:

1.    Personal recognizance

If the court accepts the defendant’s promise to return to court and follow all the required conditions, the individual can be released on personal recognizance.

2.    Unsecured bail

Unsecured bail is where a cash amount is stipulated, but not collected unless the defendant fails to show up for the next court hearing or breaks the conditions of release.

3.    Secured bail

This is the most common type of bail bond, where cash or other collateral is requested by and paid to the court for the release of the defendant.

What are the typical bail/bond conditions in Maine?

The main condition of any bail arrangement is that the defendant must attend court on the designated day.

Aside from this, the precise conditions set by judges vary from case to case. Restrictions are usually applied according to the nature of the alleged offense and the circumstances surrounding its commission. Some examples of typical bail conditions include:

• A ban on possessing dangerous weapons.
• No consumption or possession of alcohol.
• Undergoing house arrest.
• The imposition of a curfew.
• Installation of an electronic monitoring system.
• No contact with certain people.
• Regular check-ins with relevant authorities.

What happens if a defendant cannot make bail or breaches bail conditions?

Defendants who cannot post the bail bond will have to sit out the time between the arrest/charge and the trial in confinement. Pretrial investigations can take a great deal of time, and defendants may spend months in jail.

A defendant who is caught breaching the conditions of bail is likely to lose their freedom and be returned to jail until the trial date. If bail is posted and the conditions are violated, the bail can also be forfeited.

Returning to jail can have serious consequences for a defendant’s employment, education, personal life, family responsibilities, etc. Relationships, marriages, and parenting duties may all be affected as well.

The intervention of a criminal defense attorney early in the criminal investigation, arrest, and charge process is essential to prevent such unwanted consequences with the bail process.

A lawyer may be able to help the defendant post bail and secure release before work on the defense begins in earnest. This is the first step in limiting the consequences for the future. A prompt release from jail also creates more time to focus on building a strong defense while the defendant can continue with daily life as normally as possible in the circumstances.

For experienced legal help with any criminal matter, call the Maine Criminal Defense Group at 207-571-8146 for an initial case evaluation.

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Facing criminal charges in Florida is overwhelming, especially if it’s your first time being arrested or charged with an offense. However, not every case ends in a conviction or even a trial. In certain situations, defendants may have the opportunity to participate in a Pretrial Diversion Program, a valuable alternative that focuses on rehabilitation and accountability rather than punishment. 

Understanding how pretrial diversion works, who qualifies, and what it requires can make a major difference in your case and your future.

What Is Pretrial Diversion?

Pretrial diversion (sometimes called “deferred prosecution”) is a program that allows eligible defendants, usually first-time or low-level offenders, to avoid a criminal conviction by completing certain court-approved conditions. If the program is successfully completed, the charges are dismissed, and the case is closed without a conviction appearing on the defendant’s record.

Essentially, it’s a second chance, a way for people who made a mistake to show accountability and rehabilitation outside of traditional prosecution. The goal is to reduce the burden on the court system, minimize repeat offenses, and give individuals a path forward without a criminal record following them for life.

How It Works in Florida

Pretrial diversion programs are offered at the discretion of the State Attorney’s Office and can vary from county to county. In Florida, these programs are often managed in partnership with local probation offices or community service agencies.

Here’s how the process typically unfolds:

1. Referral or Offer:
   The defendant is referred to the diversion program, often by their defense attorney or the prosecutor. In some cases, a judge may recommend it.
2. Eligibility Review:
   The prosecutor’s office reviews the case details, such as the type of offense, criminal history, and victim input, to determine eligibility.
3. Program Agreement:
   The defendant signs a written agreement outlining the conditions they must meet. Common requirements include community service, counseling, restitution, educational courses, or drug testing.
4. Program Completion:
   If the defendant fulfills all obligations within the given time (usually six months to one year), the charges are dismissed.
5. Non-Completion:
   If the defendant fails to meet the requirements, the case returns to court and prosecution resumes.

Common Eligibility Requirements

While exact rules differ by jurisdiction, pretrial diversion in Florida generally applies to defendants who meet certain criteria:

• First-time offenders or those with minimal criminal history
• Non-violent offenses, such as petty theft, DUI, possession of marijuana, or trespassing
• Willingness to take responsibility for the offense
• No significant prior probation violations
• Approval from the victim in some cases (especially theft or fraud-related offenses)

Ultimately, the State Attorney’s Office has broad discretion in approving who qualifies.

What Conditions Might You Have to Complete?

Each diversion plan is customized to the case, but conditions may include:

• Completing community service hours
• Paying restitution to victims
• Attending anger management or theft prevention classes
• Submitting to random drug or alcohol testing
• Participating in counseling or rehabilitation programs
• Writing a letter of apology or participating in restorative justice activities

Once these obligations are met, the case can be dismissed, leaving no criminal conviction on your record.

Florida Example

In Broward County, a 20-year-old college student was arrested for possession of marijuana (under 20 grams) after a traffic stop. She had no prior criminal history, was cooperative with officers, and was attending school full-time.

Her attorney negotiated her entry into the county’s Misdemeanor Pretrial Diversion Program, which required her to complete:

• 25 hours of community service
• A substance abuse awareness course
• A $150 program fee

After six months, she provided proof of completion to her case officer. The State Attorney’s Office reviewed her progress and formally dismissed the charges. She was later able to have the record expunged, leaving her with no criminal history and no interruption to her education or future employment prospects.

This type of result is not uncommon, pretrial diversion programs across Florida help hundreds of individuals each year avoid lifelong consequences for one-time mistakes.

Benefits of Pretrial Diversion

• No Criminal Conviction: The biggest advantage is avoiding a conviction, which can have lasting effects on employment, housing, and licensing.
• Case Dismissal: Upon successful completion, your charges are dismissed.
• Expungement Eligibility: Once dismissed, you may be eligible to have the arrest record sealed or expunged.
• Focus on Rehabilitation: Programs emphasize education, counseling, and community contribution rather than punishment.

Contact a Criminal Defense Attorney Today

While pretrial diversion is a powerful opportunity, it’s not automatic. Every county and every prosecutor’s office handles eligibility differently, and small procedural mistakes can cost you the chance to participate. An experienced criminal defense attorney can evaluate whether your case qualifies for diversion, negotiate with the prosecutor to secure your acceptance, ensure all program terms are realistic and achievable, and guide you through completion and help you seal or expunge the record afterward.

If you’ve been charged with a crime in Florida and think you might qualify for a diversion program, it’s important to speak with a criminal defense attorney as soon as possible. A knowledgeable lawyer can assess your case, advocate on your behalf, and help you take full advantage of this second chance.

Criminal defense lawyer Russell A. Spatz of the Spatz Law Firm, PL, in Miami, Florida, has decades of experience handling serious criminal cases. Contact him at 305-442-0200 to discuss your case and ensure you have the protection and vigorous representation you need.

OUI, DUI, or DWI cases are often based on the results from approved screening devices, commonly referred to as “breathalyzers”.

The question of whether these breath tests are accurate has commonly affected Operating Under the Influence (OUI) cases for prosecutors, judges, attorneys, and defendants in Maine.

Let’s consider the law enforcement breath-testing devices used in Maine, how accurate they are, and how to defend against OUI charges based on breath test results.

OUI breath test devices can give false readings in Maine

The primary breathalyzers used in Maine are the Intoxilyzer 8000 and Intoxilyzer 9000 models. They are infrared-based instruments approved for use in official OUI investigations.

These models are the latest versions of equipment long criticized by breath-testing experts for reading other substances (“interferents”) as alcohol on the breath and, therefore, giving a false high reading.

The types of interferents that can skew readings include common substances that many people are exposed to, including paint fumes, carburetor cleaner, and substances used in beauty salons.

Despite apparent upgrades to the equipment used by law enforcement in recent years, many experts claim that the same false readings plague the newer models of breathalyzer—though these claims are often brushed off by the manufacturer and law enforcement as convenient claims for OUI defense lawyers.

“Upgraded” versions of the Intoxilyzer

According to the manufacturer, the Intoxilyzer 8000 and Intoxilyzer 9000 models are accurate for alcohol detection and resolve any previous problems with interferents contaminating results —finally suggesting that the older machines (specifically the Intoxilyzer 5000) may have had flaws.

The claim is that the latest models reliably subtract any interferents detected from the final blood alcohol content (BAC) results reading. But is this true?

The latest machines supposedly detect interferents by measuring the light absorbed at two different wavelengths rather than one wavelength, like the old machine.

However, substances like isopropanol, which is commonly found on the breath of diabetics, D-Limonene (common in cleaners and disinfectants), 2-Butoxyethanol (found in everything from cosmetics to paint), and diethyl ether (in commercial degreasers) may still be detected as alcohol by the latest machines. This means that beauticians, janitors, and mechanics, for instance, may be stopped and charged with OUI after a day at work when they haven’t consumed any alcohol.

Ultimately, OUI breath test devices are still giving false readings in 2025.

One of the problems for OUI defense lawyers is that the company that supplies this equipment only sells the devices to law enforcement agencies. It’s almost impossible to independently test them. However, simply “accepting your fate” with an OUI charge in Maine should not be an option.

Challenge the evidence: Blood tests in Maine

When law enforcement in Maine observes an individual driving erratically, they have reasonable cause to pull the driver over. There are three main ways a police officer could determine whether the individual is under the influence of alcohol:

1. A field sobriety test: This tests the concentration and motor skills of the driver, who will struggle to complete the test if inebriated.
2. A breath test: The breathalyzer device, as discussed above, is claimed to provide an accurate reading of how much alcohol is in the blood.
3. A blood test: The most accurate way to determine a driver’s BAC.

Drivers in Maine do not have the right to refuse a chemical test, and face criminal penalties for doing so. If you have already submitted to a blood test and are subsequently placed under arrest for drunk driving, your case is not hopeless.

Even in tests as accurate as blood tests, mistakes can and do occur. Whether there’s a human error in the lab (such as blood serum tested rather than whole blood) or a mistake in the procedures followed by law enforcement, there are often viable defenses to OUI charges.

Sometimes the blood sample is not taken at the time of the arrest, but instead taken after significant time has elapsed. Alcohol slowly absorbs into the bloodstream, so it could be reasonably argued that your blood alcohol content was higher at the time of testing than when driving..

Should I take a breath test if pulled over for OUI in Maine?

We are legally obligated to tell readers to follow the law. However, even if that were not the case, it’s generally best to take a breath test if lawfully requested to do so by a police officer in Maine.

Maine’s implied consent laws

In the U.S., driving is considered a privilege, not a right. Connected to this is the implied consent law in Maine, whereby everybody who operates a motor vehicle within the state has already consented to take a breath test if requested to do so.

Simply by getting behind the wheel of your vehicle, you have agreed to take a breath test. Even if you refuse the test, law enforcement will seek other evidence of drunk driving. Besides, the penalties for refusing the test are harsher than for a standard OUI conviction.

Breath test refusal penalties in Maine

Breath test refusal results in a longer administrative license suspension and harsher potential criminal penalties than a standard OUI if later convicted.

For instance, the administrative license suspension from the BMV for a first refusal is 275 days. If you are later convicted, a consecutive 150-day license suspension will be applied by the court. However, if you take the breath test but are convicted of OUI, you will face only a court-imposed 150-day suspension.

Work-restricted licenses or Ignition Interlock Device (IID) programs are not available under OUI refusal license suspensions.

Additionally, the mandatory minimum jail time and fines upon conviction for refusal include 96 hours in jail (vs. 0–48 hours for an OUI conviction) and $600 fine (vs. $500) for a first offense.

Breath test defenses against OUI charges in Maine

Several defenses in OUI cases revolve around breath tests. Even a positive breath test does not mean you will be convicted.

A skilled criminal defense lawyer can often question a positive breath test by checking and challenging the following:

• Was the machine calibrated correctly and operating properly?
• Did law enforcement follow correct procedures to obtain the sample?
• Was a proper mouth inspection conducted to ensure no foreign objects were present?
• Did testers follow the 15-minute deprivation period to remove all residual mouth alcohol?

As we have seen, the breathalyzer test results can be inaccurate and skewed. A seasoned lawyer will explore every avenue with the potential defenses, including technical arguments that can introduce “reasonable doubt” or make evidence inadmissible to directly prevent a conviction.

For experienced legal help with any criminal matter, contact us directly online or call The Maine Criminal Defense Group for an initial case evaluation

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Mental health conditions and addiction often make criminal cases more complicated. Courts across Florida are recognizing that simply punishing someone doesn’t always address the root cause of offending behavior. Over time, both statutes and specialized court programs have evolved to more fairly integrate treatment, diagnosis, and rehabilitation into criminal proceedings. But understanding exactly how mental health and substance abuse issues are handled and what the defendant’s rights are can significantly affect the outcome of a case.

Legal and Court-Based Mechanisms for Handling These Issues

Here are the primary ways Florida’s criminal justice system addresses mental illness and addiction:

Mental Health Courts

Florida has a growing number of mental health courts (as of July 2024, there are 32 adult mental health courts and one juvenile mental health court) designed to divert eligible defendants out of the standard criminal track. These courts are problem-solving courts that emphasize treatment, close monitoring, and ongoing judicial supervision rather than incarceration.

Felony Mental Health Court

For more serious offenses, including felony charges, some circuits (for example, Broward County’s 17th Judicial Circuit) have specially dedicated felony mental health courts. These courts provide treatment plans, outpatient or residential support, medication management, and case oversight. The goal is to restore competency, reduce recidivism, and support community reintegration.

Probation Conditions and Sentencing Alternatives

For defendants with addiction or mild/moderate mental health issues, courts often include special conditions in probation or sentencing, such as mandatory counseling, substance abuse treatment, or mental health evaluations. These conditions are meant to address underlying issues that may have contributed to the criminal behavior.

Competency Evaluations and Restoration

Before trial, if there’s reason to believe a defendant cannot understand the charges, assist with their defense, or appreciate what’s happening due to mental illness, a judge may order a competency evaluation. If found incompetent, there are legal processes for restoration (through treatment and sometimes hospitalization) before proceeding.

Examples from Florida: How It Plays Out in Real Cases

These are some examples of how mental health and addiction affect criminal cases in practice:

• Broward County Felony Mental Health Court: This court accepts defendants charged with felonies who are deemed incompetent to proceed, or who have serious mental illness. They receive individualized treatment plans, which may include medication, housing assistance, therapy, and support services. Over time, many participants are stabilized and can return to court with improved mental health, which can lead to more favorable dispositions.
• Intake via Mental Health Courts in Adult Misdemeanor Cases: In the 17th Judicial Circuit (Broward County), individuals with non-violent misdemeanors or violations of probation may be diverted into mental health court. During the intake process, defendants are evaluated; if symptoms of mental illness are found, they are offered diagnostic and treatment services instead of traditional prosecutions. The goal is to stop the cycle of repeated arrests. 

What Defendants Should Know: Rights, Strategy, and Challenges

Understanding how mental health and addiction are handled is one thing. Knowing what you or someone you represent can do proactively is another. Here are the key points of the strategy and things to watch out for:

• Early Diagnosis Matters: If there is any indication (from family, doctors, or police interaction) that the person has a mental illness or substance abuse issue, raising it early can help. The sooner the court or your attorney knows, the sooner they can seek diversion or mental health court, competency evaluations, or mitigation.
• Documentation Counts: Medical records, psychiatric evaluations, history of treatment, proof of sobriety or attempts to stop using drugs, these all contribute to building a strong case or argument for leniency.
• Addiction Is Rarely a Full Defense: Florida courts do not accept “being addicted” alone as a defense that excuses criminal conduct. Instead, addiction or mental illness is generally used to argue for mitigation, reduced sentence, alternative programs, or accommodation, not to prove innocence.
• Mental Health Courts Are Voluntary: Participation usually requires consent. Courts will generally only admit people who are willing and able to comply with treatment. If someone refuses treatment, they likely cannot stay in mental health court.
• Public Safety Still Matters: Courts balance treatment with public safety. In cases involving violent allegations, victim harm, or serious repeat offenses, courts are less likely to allow diversion or rehabilitation-only responses.
• Probation or Treatment Violations: If someone is placed in mental health court or given probation where mental health or addiction treatment is a condition, failing to comply with those conditions can lead to returning to standard criminal proceedings or revocation of probation. 

Example Case Law / Precedent

• State v. Center for Drug-Free Living (2003): In this case, the court addressed confidentiality of treatment in the context of a client at a drug treatment center. It held that employees cannot be compelled to disclose certain drug-treatment communications unless ordered by the court under the appropriate legal standard. This decision protects sensitive information for individuals seeking help. 
• Williams v. State of Florida: A case involving grand theft where the defendant’s addiction history (use of marijuana daily and other substances on weekends) was considered. The court in sentencing carefully examined whether special probation conditions (including sobriety requirements) were reasonably related to rehabilitation in the particular case. 

Contact a Criminal Defense Attorney Today

Mental illness and addiction are real issues that impact behavior, decision-making, and risk of repeat offenses. Florida’s justice system has made meaningful strides in handling these issues more humanely, through mental health courts, treatment programs, competency evaluations, and sentencing alternatives. But navigating these branches effectively requires good legal representation, solid documentation, and timely action.

If you or someone you care about is facing criminal charges and dealing with a mental health or addiction issue, it’s important to get skilled legal help as soon as possible. Criminal defense lawyer Russell A. Spatz of the Spatz Law Firm, PL, in Miami, Florida, has decades of experience handling serious criminal cases. Contact him at 305-442-0200 to discuss your case and ensure you have the protection and vigorous representation you need.